Case study work is being undertaken in Nairobi and Mombasa. These cities are representative of many rapidly urbanising centres across sub-Saharan Africa, and locations where urbanisation trends are rapidly accelerating.
Nairobi
Key facts:
Nairobi is the capital of Kenya, home to 6.5 million residents within the metropolitan area, who face significant mobility challenges linked to poor infrastructure.
In Nairobi 2.27 million trips per day are made by walking, and 55,000 by cycling. The predominant reasons for this are largely due to low-income levels and lack of available alternatives (E. Odhiambo, 2021). UNEP reports that pedestrians account for 65% of fatalities which are made up primarily of the poorest residents who have limited affordable mobility choices. In addition, congestion is making the limited mass transit systems less effective and more stressful for users due to unreliable travel times.
In a recent survey, Nairobi residents rated how easy walking was along typical routes. 68 per cent of respondents cited busy roads (41%), lack of sidewalks (26.2%) and health issues (6.5%) as the main issues. They also pointed out no street lights/poor lighting (5.4%), unsafe neighbourhoods (4.5%) and physical geography e.g big hills (4.3%). The remainder refused to respond to the questionnaire(E. Odhiambo, 2021).
Mombasa
Key facts:
Mombasa is the second largest city in Kenya with approximately 3.5 million residents in its metropolitan area. Located along the Indian Ocean, it is a major tourism centre and international trade hub.
It provides a useful case site it is currently planning a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system and new bridge crossings; and has interesting mobility interactions for locals around infrastructure designed to service tourists, and interchanges from ferries to other modes.
Equitable Mobility for Health and Well-being 
